Frequency Hopping Technique for Electronic Projects

              Communications plays an important role in the upliftment of the standard of living. There has been an explosive growth during past few decades, as phenomenal advances both in research and applications have been made as a result internet services, cellular technology, and many more gave new dimension to communication. These changes are also producing challenges for privacy and communications security. In cases such as military security, this creates an urgent need for advancing the state-of-the-art in communication channel security.

Wireless military communication systems have been developed to account for ever-increasing sophistication in electronic warfare (EW), ECM (Electronic counter measure), and ECCM (Electronic counter counter measure). Military systems have been developed to counteract jamming, spoofing, and detection using antijam, anti-spoofing, and low-probability-of-intercept methods.

Frequency Hopping: In the Frequency hopping mode, the frequency will change both at the transmitter and receiver ends simultaneously. Both the transmitter and receiver frequencies should be in synchronization, then only the communication exists between the two stations.

        

Frequency Hopping

Applications

It is used to maintain secrecy in defence purposes, this can be maintained by increasing the hop rate and also by changing the transmitter frequency regularly i.e., providing a hop rate of 40 hops per sec. To ensure high efficiency in providing secrecy in communication by further developing hop rate to 100 hops per sec and 200 hops per sec.

                             

CONCLUSION

             

The spectrum of the atmosphere is of plethora of signals, those contains different frequencies and different modulation types that are being used in domestic and commercial applications, for example like cellular, fax, FM, AM, internet etc. Receiver can trap any signal, if it is tuned to that particular frequency. But when we need confidential communication, which should not be trapped by any unknown receivers, the normal communication fails. ECCM provides 8 hops/sec, which provides the confidentional Communication but the search receivers are much faster for acquiring these signals. If we increase the hop rate, better confidential communication can be ensured. 

By changing the transmitter frequency regularly i.e. providing a hop rate of 40hops/sec, we are able to provide better secrecy to the communication. Subsequently, frequency hoping of 40 hops per sec can be further developed to 100 hops per sec and 200 hops per sec to ensure high efficiency in providing the secrecy in communication.